Problems encountered in laser welding

Time:2022-06-25 Views:765
When laser welding metal products, whether they are completely penetrated, wire filling, welding speed and welding time all have a direct impact on the surface. The quality requirements for welding structure, welding products and welding joints are various, including the internal requirements of joint performance and organization.

At the same time, there should be no defects in the appearance, shape and dimensional accuracy, weld formation, surface and interior. In order to find and solve problems as soon as possible, macro analysis is often used first, and if necessary, detailed microscopic analysis is carried out.
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So, in laser welding, what problems will be encountered inside metal products?

1. Porosity 

During the crystallization process of the welding pool, some gases may remain in the welding mirror to form pores due to the lack of time for some gases to escape.
Porosity is a common defect in welded joints. Porosity not only appears on the surface of the weld, but also often appears inside the weld. It is not easy to use a simple method to detect it in welding production, which will cause serious harm.
Welding pores generated inside the weld are called internal pores, and pores that open on the outside are mostly called surface pores.


2. Slag

Slag inclusion is slag or other non-metallic inclusions in the weld, which is a common defect in the weld.
In welding using flux-filled wire, such as submerged arc welding, slag is formed due to poor deposition, or in CO2 welding without flux, the deoxidized product produces slag, which remains inside the multilayer weld metal. Slag inclusions can be formed.



3. Incomplete penetration

Incomplete penetration refers to the part left by incomplete penetration of the root of the joint during welding.

Lack of fusion is a common defect, which refers to the local residual gap between the fusion welding metal and the base metal or the adjacent weld bead and between the weld layers, and the base metal and the base metal are not completely melted and bonded during spot welding. Parts are called unfused.



4. Welding cracks 
Welding cracks can be divided into hot cracks (crystal cracks, high temperature liquefaction cracks, polygonal cracks), cold cracks (delayed cracks, hardened embrittlement cracks, low plasticity cracks), reheat cracks, and layered tearing cracks according to their shape and causes. crack, etc.


5. Undercut 

Undercut is sometimes called undercut, which is a groove lower than the surface of the base metal generated at the weld toe because the deposited metal is not completely covered by the molten part of the base metal during welding. After the welding arc melts the edge of the weldment, The gap left by the replenishment of the molten metal of the electrode is not obtained.

Undercuts that are too deep will weaken the joint and may also lead to structural failure at the undercuts.

Others
Common defects in welds include looseness, cold isolation, burn-through, weld flash, shrinkage, pits, slumps, uneven weld foot size, excessive concavity/convexity, and uneven weld toe angle.
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